Use of traction in physical therapy treatment for spine problems

In this blog i would like to throw some light on traction used as a method of treatment in Physical therapy for spine problems(Cervical & Lumbar)

Cervical & Lumbar Traction-

Traction is a stretching force applied in a longitudinal direction of the spine,
A Physiotherapist may apply it manually but the therapist can hold it only for a minute or so. Therefore comes the need of a mechanical apparatus.
Traction may be-
Continuous
Intermittent.

Indication:
Continuous hold is helpful for:
Tight soft tissues- not muscle spasm.
Nerve root compression.

Intermittent force is helpful for:
Muscle spasm
To mobilize degenerative changes.

Effects:
Effects are relief of pain, or pins & needles sensation, burning sensation, & increased mobility.
These effects are achieved due to following changes.
Separation of vertebral bodies enables fluid flow & therefore improved nutrition to the intervertebral discs.
Stretching of soft tissues allows increased movement, which is retained by exercises.
Stretching of tissues around the nerve root in the intervertebral canal enables free circulatory flow. This improves nutrition to the nerves. This explains why root pain remains diminished after traction is removed.

Traction if applied in proper way & by a professional physiotherapist can do wonders for the patient but if proper variables are not taken into consideration in the application of traction it may do more of harm. So the variables to be taken into consideration by the physiotherapist are as follows:
Position of the spine- Lower the level of cervical spine to be targeted, the more the neck should be placed in flexion. Also the lower the lumbar spine level, the more the spine is flattened by flexing the knees. This is a very important variable to be considered before starting traction so that proper effects are delivered.
Force applied- care should be taken not to apply more weight then required. For nerve root compression in lumbar area it shouldn’t be more then 50% of the body weight& for cervical region it should be 1/7 of the body weight.
Time- time varies according to the condition treated.
Continuous or Intermittent- Continuous is generally best for nerve root pain, paraesthesia. Intermittent mode is useful for tissue tightness & degenerative joint changes
Postural training & exercise program by a professional physiotherapist are essential components of pain management followed by traction.